Facilitating improvements to the uplink performance of 5g or other next generation networks

ABSTRACT

Facilitating improvements to the uplink performance in a communications network is provided herein. A system can comprise a processor and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. The operations can comprise comparing respective metrics of a group of frequency hopping patterns based on a channel response received from a mobile device via uplink reference signals. The operations can also comprise selecting a frequency hopping pattern from the group of frequency hopping patterns based on a result of the comparing. Further, the operations can comprise indicating, to the mobile device, an index of the frequency hopping pattern with scheduling information of a communications network.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject disclosure relates generally to communications systems, andfor example, to facilitating improvements to the uplink performance of5G or other next generation networks.

BACKGROUND

To meet the huge demand for data centric applications, Third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) systems and systems that employ one or moreaspects of the specifications of the Fourth Generation (4G) standard forwireless communications will be extended to a Fifth Generation (5G)standard for wireless communications. Unique challenges exist to providelevels of service associated with forthcoming 5G, or other nextgeneration, standards for wireless communication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various non-limiting embodiments are further described with reference tothe accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example, non-limiting, block diagram of an uplinkmultiple input multiple output transmitter in accordance with one ormore embodiments described herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example, non-limiting message sequence flow chartfor uplink data transfer in 5G systems in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example, non-limiting method for improving theuplink performance in a wireless communications system in accordancewith one or more embodiments described herein.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example, non-limiting frequency hopping patternfrom virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks mapping inaccordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example, non-limiting method for using a Dopplermetric as a decision criterion in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation of atime-frequency pattern with no hopping in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation of a firsthopping pattern in accordance with one or more embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation of a secondhopping pattern in accordance with one or more embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example, non-limiting communications system forfacilitating improvements to the uplink performance of a communicationsnetwork in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example, non-limiting, communications system forutilizing a speed of a mobile device to select frequency hoppingpatterns in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example, non-limiting method for selectingfrequency hopping patterns in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example, non-limiting, method for selectinghopping patterns based on a Doppler metric in accordance with one ormore embodiments described herein.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobilehandset operable to engage in a system architecture that facilitateswireless communications according to one or more embodiments describedherein; and

FIG. 14 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computeroperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates wirelesscommunications according to one or more embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more embodiments are now described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings in which example embodiments areshown. In the following description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the various embodiments. However, the variousembodiments can be practiced without these specific details (and withoutapplying to any particular network environment or standard).

Discussed herein are various aspects that relate to facilitatingimprovements to the uplink performance for 5G or other next generationnetworks. For example, as discussed herein a Multiple Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) performance can be improved for all scenarios. In anotherexample, the disclosed aspects can increase network capacity due toimproved mobile device (e.g., user equipment) performance for allscenarios.

The various aspects described herein can relate to new radio, which canbe deployed as a standalone radio access technology or as anon-standalone radio access technology assisted by another radio accesstechnology, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), for example. It should benoted that although various aspects and embodiments have been describedherein in the context of 5G, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE), or other next generationnetworks, the disclosed aspects are not limited to 5G, a UMTSimplementation, and/or an LTE implementation as the techniques can alsobe applied in 3G, 4G, or LTE systems. For example, aspects or featuresof the disclosed embodiments can be exploited in substantially anywireless communication technology. Such wireless communicationtechnologies can include UMTS, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA),Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), GeneralPacket Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced GPRS, Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP), LTE, Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), EvolvedHigh Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee, or anotherIEEE 802.XX technology. Additionally, substantially all aspectsdisclosed herein can be exploited in legacy telecommunicationtechnologies. Further, the various aspects can be utilized with anyRadio Access Technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the mobiledevice operates using multiple carriers (e.g., LTE Frequency DivisionDuplexing (FDD)/Time-Division Duplexing (TDD), Wideband Code DivisionMultiplexing Access (WCMDA)/HSPA, Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM)/GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), Wi Fi,Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), WiMax, CDMA2000, and so on).

As used herein, “5G” can also be referred to as New Radio (NR) access.Accordingly, systems, methods, and/or machine-readable storage media forfacilitating improvements to the uplink performance for 5G systems aredesired. As used herein, one or more aspects of a 5G network cancomprise, but is not limited to, data rates of several tens of megabitsper second (Mbps) supported for tens of thousands of users; at least onegigabit per second (Gbps) to be offered simultaneously to tens of users(e.g., tens of workers on the same office floor); several hundreds ofthousands of simultaneous connections supported for massive sensordeployments; spectral efficiency significantly enhanced compared to 4G;improvement in coverage relative to 4G; signaling efficiency enhancedcompared to 4G; and/or latency significantly reduced compared to LTE.

In one embodiment, described herein is a system that can comprise aprocessor and a memory that stores executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the processor, facilitate performance of operations. Theoperations can comprise comparing respective metrics of a group offrequency hopping patterns based on a channel response received from amobile device via uplink reference signals. The operations can alsocomprise selecting a frequency hopping pattern from the group offrequency hopping patterns based on a result of the comparing. Further,the operations can comprise indicating, to the mobile device, an indexof the frequency hopping pattern with scheduling information of acommunications network.

In an example, indicating the index of the frequency hopping patternselected can comprise transmitting the index to the mobile device via anuplink grant channel In another example, indicating the index of thefrequency hopping pattern selected can comprise sending the index to themobile device via radio resource control signaling. In a furtherexample, indicating the index can comprise indicating the index duringrespective transmission time intervals of a data transmission. Accordingto an aspect, selecting the frequency hopping pattern can compriseselecting a pattern that comprises no frequency hopping.

In an example, the uplink reference signals can occupy defined resourceelements within an uplink time frequency grid. Further to this example,comparing the respective metrics can comprise estimating the respectivemetrics based on a signal to noise ratio over the defined resourceelements.

In accordance with an aspect, the operations can further compriseconfiguring the mobile device with the group of frequency hoppingpatterns using radio resource control signaling.

According to another aspect, comparing the respective metrics comprisesdetermining a Doppler metric of the mobile device. Further to thisaspect, selecting the frequency hopping pattern comprises, based on afirst determination that the Doppler metric does not satisfy a definedthreshold, the operations can comprise selecting a first frequencyhopping pattern of the group of frequency hopping patterns thatincreases a diversity gain of the communications network relative to acurrent diversity gain. Further, selecting the frequency hopping patterncomprises, based on a second determination that the Doppler metricsatisfies the defined threshold, the operations can comprise selecting asecond frequency hopping pattern of the group of frequency hoppingpatterns that increases channel capacity information relative to currentchannel capacity information. In addition, selecting the secondfrequency hopping pattern can comprise selecting the second frequencyhopping pattern based on a determination that the second frequencyhopping pattern comprises a maximum frequency difference between ahighest frequency and a lowest frequency in comparison to otherfrequency hopping patterns in the set of frequency hopping patterns.

In some aspects, indicating the index of the frequency hopping patternselected with the scheduling information can comprise indicating via adownlink control channel configured to operate according to afifth-generation wireless communication network protocol.

Another embodiment described herein is a method that can compriseselecting, by a network device of a wireless network, a frequencyhopping pattern from a group of frequency hopping patterns based on acomparison of respective metrics of the group of frequency hoppingpatterns as a function of a channel response received from a mobiledevice via uplink reference signals. The method can also comprisefacilitating, by the network device, transmission of a first indicationof an index of the frequency hopping pattern selected from the group offrequency hopping patterns and a second indication of schedulinginformation. The frequency hopping pattern and the schedulinginformation can be selected to increase a data carrying capacity of thewireless network.

According to an example, facilitating the transmission can comprisefacilitating the transmission via a downlink control information channelAccording to another example, facilitating the transmission can comprisefacilitating the transmission via radio resource control signaling.

In an aspect, selecting the frequency hopping pattern can be performedduring different transmission time intervals. Further to this aspect,facilitating the transmission can comprise facilitating the transmissionbased on a change to the frequency hopping pattern selected between thedifferent transmission time intervals.

Prior to the selecting the frequency hopping pattern, the method cancomprise configuring, by the network device, the mobile device withinformation related to the group of frequency hopping patterns.

In an aspect, the method can comprise determining a Doppler metric ofthe mobile device. Further to this aspect, selecting the frequencyhopping pattern comprises, based on a first determination that theDoppler metric does not satisfy a defined threshold, the method cancomprise selecting a first frequency hopping pattern of the group offrequency hopping patterns that results in a reduction of power utilizedby the mobile device. Selecting the frequency hopping pattern can alsocomprises, based on a second determination that the Doppler metricsatisfies the defined threshold, the method can comprise selecting asecond frequency hopping pattern of the group of frequency hoppingpatterns that results in a highest channel capacity increase of channelcapacity increases of the group of frequency hopping patterns.

In an example, selecting the second frequency hopping pattern cancomprise selecting the frequency hopping pattern based on adetermination that the frequency hopping pattern comprises a maximumfrequency difference between a highest frequency and a lowest frequencyas compared to other frequency hopping patterns in the set of frequencyhopping patterns.

Another embodiment relates to a machine-readable storage medium,comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor,facilitate performance of operations. The operations can compriseconfiguring a mobile device with respective indices of frequency hoppingpatterns. Based on a comparison of respective metrics of the frequencyhopping patterns and based on a channel response received from themobile device via uplink reference signals, the operations can compriseselecting a frequency hopping pattern from the frequency hoppingpatterns for a first transmission time interval. The operations can alsocomprise indicating, to the mobile device during the first transmissiontime interval, the frequency hopping pattern.

In an aspect, the frequency hopping pattern can be a first frequencyhopping pattern, the comparison can be a first comparison, the channelresponse can be a first channel response. Further to this aspect, theoperations further comprise based on a second comparison of therespective metrics of the frequency hopping patterns of the frequencyhopping patterns and based on a second channel response received fromthe mobile device via the uplink reference signals, selecting a secondfrequency hopping pattern from the frequency hopping patterns for asecond transmission time interval. The operations can also compriseindicating, to the mobile device during the second transmission timeinterval, the second frequency hopping pattern.

According to another aspect, the operations can further comprisedetermining a Doppler metric of the mobile device. Based on a firstdetermination that the Doppler metric does not satisfy a definedthreshold, the operations can comprise selecting a first frequencyhopping pattern from the frequency hopping patterns that maximizes adiversity gain of a communications network. Based on a seconddetermination that the Doppler metric satisfies the defined threshold,the operations can comprise selecting a second frequency hopping patternfrom the frequency hopping patterns that maximizes capacity informationand mutual information of a channel.

Another embodiment relates to a method that can comprise receiving, at amobile device comprising a processor, and from a network device, arecommended frequency hopping pattern. The method can also comprisedetermining, by the mobile device, a transmission scheme based on therecommended frequency hopping pattern. Further, the method can compriseapplying, by the mobile device, the recommended transmission scheme foran uplink data transmission. In some implementations, the transmissionscheme can be determined based on a hopping index and schedulinginformation received at the mobile device with the recommended frequencyhopping pattern.

In an example, the recommended frequency hopping pattern can be based,in part, on a Doppler metric of the mobile device. Further to thisexample, the method can comprise receiving, at the mobile device, afirst recommendation of a first frequency hopping pattern from a groupof frequency hopping patterns based on the Doppler metric not satisfyinga defined threshold. The first frequency hopping pattern can maximize adiversity gain of a communications network. The method can also comprisereceiving, at the mobile device, a second recommendation of a secondfrequency hopping pattern from a group of frequency hopping patternsbased on the Doppler metric satisfying the defined threshold. The secondfrequency hopping pattern can maximize capacity information and mutualinformation of a channel

In further detail, MIMO technology is an advanced antenna techniqueutilized to improve spectral efficiency and, thereby, boost overallsystem capacity. Spectral efficiency (also referred to as spectrumefficiency or bandwidth efficiency) refers to an information rate thatcan be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a communication system.

For MIMO, a notation (M×N) can be utilized to represent the MIMOconfiguration in terms of a number of transmit antennas (M) and a numberof receive antennas (N) on one end of the transmission system. Examplesof MIMO configurations used for various technologies can include: (2×1),(1×2), (2×2), (4×2), (8×2) and (2×4), (4×4), (8×4). The configurationsrepresented by (2×1) and (1×2) are special cases of MIMO known astransmit and receive diversity.

In some cases, MIMO systems can significantly increase the data carryingcapacity of wireless communications systems. Further, MIMO can be usedfor achieving diversity gain, which refers to an increase insignal-to-interference ratio due to a diversity scheme and, thus,represents how much the transmission power can be reduced when thediversity scheme is introduced, without a corresponding performanceloss. MIMO can also be used to achieve spatial multiplexing gain, whichcan be realized when a communications system is transmitting differentstreams of data from the same radio resource in separate spatialdimensions (e.g., data is sent/received over multiple channels, linkedto different pilot frequencies, over multiple antennas). Spatialmultiplexing gain can result in capacity gain without the need foradditional power or bandwidth. In addition, MIMO can be utilized torealize beamforming gain. Due to the benefits achieved, MIMO can be anintegral part of the third generation wireless system and the fourthgeneration wireless system. In addition, massive MIMO systems arecurrently under investigation for 5G systems.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example, non-limiting, block diagram of an uplinkMIMO transmitter 100 in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. FIG. 1 illustrates the uplink multi-antennatransmission in 5G systems with up to four antenna ports. However,another number of antenna ports can be utilized with the disclosedaspects. Illustrated are a transport block 102, an encoder 104, aninterleaver and modulator 106, a layer mapper 108, a precoder 110,Inverse fast Fourier transform blocks 112 ₁ through 112 _(N), andtransmit antennas 114 ₁ through 114 _(N), where N is an integer.

Antenna or the layer mapping can be described as a mapping from theoutput of the data modulation to the different antenna ports. Thus, theinput to the antenna mapping can comprise the modulation symbols (e.g.,Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 QAM (Quadrature AmplitudeModulation), 64 QAM, and/or 256 QAM) corresponding to the transportblock 102. The output of the antenna mapping can be a set of symbols foreach antenna port. The symbols of each antenna port can be subsequentlyapplied to the OFDM modulator. For example, the symbols can be mapped tothe basic OFDM time-frequency grid corresponding to the respectiveantenna port.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example, non-limiting message sequence flow chart200 for uplink data transfer in 5G systems in accordance with one ormore embodiments described herein. The non-limiting message sequenceflow chart 200 can be utilized for new radio, as discussed herein. Asillustrated, the non-limiting message sequence flow chart 200 representsthe message sequence between a mobile device 202 and a network device204.

The term “mobile device” can be interchangeable with (or include) a userequipment (UE) or other terminology. Mobile device (or user equipment)refers to any type of wireless device that communicates with a radionetwork node in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples ofUEs include, but are not limited to, a target device, a device to device(D2D) UE, a machine type UE or a UE capable of machine to machine (M2M)communication, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a tablet, a mobileterminal, a smart phone, a laptop embedded equipment (LEE), a laptopmounted equipment (LME), a Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongle, and so on.

As used herein, the term “network device” can be interchangeable with(or include) a network, a network controller or any number of othernetwork components. Further, as utilized herein, the non-limiting termradio network node, or simply network node (e.g., network device,network node device) is used herein to refer to any type of network nodeserving communications devices and/or connected to other network nodes,network elements, or another network node from which the communicationsdevices can receive a radio signal. In cellular radio access networks(e.g., universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks),network devices can be referred to as base transceiver stations (BTS),radio base station, radio network nodes, base stations, NodeB, eNodeB(e.g., evolved NodeB), and so on. In 5G terminology, the network nodescan be referred to as gNodeB (e.g., gNB) devices. Network devices canalso comprise multiple antennas for performing various transmissionoperations (e.g., Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) operations). Anetwork node can comprise a cabinet and other protected enclosures, anantenna mast, and actual antennas. Network devices can serve severalcells, also called sectors, depending on the configuration and type ofantenna. Examples of network nodes or radio network nodes (e.g., thenetwork device 204) can include but are not limited to: NodeB devices,base station (BS) devices, access point (AP) devices, TRPs, and radioaccess network (RAN) devices. The network nodes can also includemulti-standard radio (MSR) radio node devices, comprising: an MSR BS, agNodeB, an eNode B, a network controller, a radio network controller(RNC), a base station controller (BSC), a relay, a donor nodecontrolling relay, a base transceiver station (BTS), an access point(AP), a transmission point, a transmission node, a Remote Radio Unit(RRU), a Remote Radio Head (RRH), nodes in distributed antenna system(DAS), and the like.

The mobile device 202 can transmit sounding reference signals, at 206,that are specific to the mobile device (e.g., UE specific). From thesounding reference signals, the network device 204 can compute thechannel estimates and can also compute the parameters needed for channelstate information (CSI) determination, at 208. The determinationperformed by the network device 204 (e.g., at 208) based on the receivedreference signals can also comprise, for example, determining thechannel quality indicator (CQI) and/or modulation and coding scheme(MCS), Transmit Precoding Matrix Index (TPMI), Transmit Rank Information(TRI), power, Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), and so on.

Upon or after the network device 204 determines the parameters neededfor scheduling uplink data, the network device 204 can inform the mobiledevice 202 of these parameters through a grant channel, also referred toas downlink control channel information (PDCCH), at 210. Upon or afterthe mobile device 202 receives the grant information, the mobile device202 can transmit the uplink data using the Physical Uplink SharedChannel (PUSCH), at 212.

Uplink reference signals are predefined signals occupying specificresource elements within the uplink time-frequency grid. There can be atleast two types of uplink reference signals that can be transmitted indifferent ways and used for different purposes by the network device204, namely, sounding reference signals (SRS) and demodulation referencesignals (DM-RS).

Sounding reference signals are specifically intended to be used by thenetwork device 204 to acquire channel-state information (CSI) and beamspecific information. In 5G systems, the sounding reference signals canbe mobile device 202 specific and, therefore, can have a significantlylower time/frequency density.

Demodulation reference signals are specifically intended to be used bythe network device 204 for channel estimation for data channel betweenthe network device 204 and the mobile device 202. The label“UE-specific” relates to the fact that each demodulation referencesignal is intended for channel estimation by the network device 204 froma specific mobile device 202. That specific reference signal is thenonly transmitted within the resource blocks assigned for data trafficchannel transmission to that terminal (e.g., mobile device 202). Sincethe data is precoded, the DM-RS is also precoded with the same precodingused to precode the data.

Since the bandwidth of 5G systems is very large compared to othercommunication technologies, large variations in the channel can beexpected for 5G systems. With large variations in the channelexperienced at the mobile device, the probability of passing the packetcan be low as the signal to noise ratio experienced by the mobile devicecan be averaged out with large variations of the channel. Therefore, thedisclosed aspects provide solutions to improve the performance of uplinkdata transmission with large bandwidths.

As discussed herein, the disclosed aspects can improve the uplink datachannel performance for all scenarios. The various aspects compriseembodiments which can be implemented in the network device (transmitter)and/or in the mobile device (receiver).

From the network device perspective, the network device can identify thechannel from the mobile device and decide whether to choose frequencyhopping or not (e.g., no frequency hopping) based on the channelconditions. For example, the network device can obtain information aboutthe channel coefficients between the network and the mobile device.Optionally, the network device can determine the Doppler metric and thesignal to noise ratio for the channel used for the mobile device. Therecommendation can be communicated to the mobile device.

From the perspective of the mobile device, the mobile device cantransmit data to the network device. The mobile device can receive therecommendation from the network device and can determine thetransmission scheme based on the network device recommendation. Next,the mobile device can apply the recommended transmission scheme foruplink data transmission

It is noted that the various aspects described herein can be applicableto single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation(CA) operation of the mobile device. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also referred to (e.g., interchangeably called) “multi-carriersystem,” “multi-cell operation,” “multi-carrier operation,”“multi-carrier” transmission and/or reception. In addition, the variousaspects discussed can be applied for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on somecarriers (e.g., data plus speech is simultaneously scheduled).

For example purposes, the various aspects are discussed with respect tofour transmit antennas. However, the various aspects can be applied withmore or fewer antennas. For example, the various aspects can be appliedwith Ntx systems with rank equal to Ntx, where Ntx can be 2, 4, 8, 16,and so on. In addition, an uplink waveform can be either CP-OFDM (cyclicprefix based OFDM) or DFT-s-OFDM (also referred to as transformprecoded). The network device can configure a particular mobile devicewith one or more waveforms to be used based on higher layer signaling ora physical layer signaling. The various aspects can be applicable toboth waveforms.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example, non-limiting method 300 for improving theuplink performance in a wireless communications system in accordancewith one or more embodiments described herein. Repetitive description oflike elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omittedfor sake of brevity. At 302, the network device (e.g., the networkdevice 204) and the mobile device (e.g., the mobile device 202) know, apriori the frequency hopping patterns that can be utilized within thecommunication network. The frequency hopping patterns can include apattern that does not include frequency hopping (e.g., no frequencyhopping pattern).

FIG. 4 illustrates an example, non-limiting frequency hopping patternfrom virtual resource blocks 402 to physical resource blocks 404 mappingin accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Asillustrated, with frequency hopping patterns the number of resourceelements can be distributed over the entire bandwidth. With thisdistribution, the mobile device can achieve diversity gains. Note thatthe network and mobile device should be configured a priori with thefrequency hopping patterns. For example, three frequency hoppingpatterns can be utilized, as illustrated in Table 1 below (althoughanother number of frequency hopping patterns can be utilized with thedisclosed aspects). Table 1 also includes a pattern that has no hoppingas one index for the frequency hopping.

TABLE 1 Hopping Index Hopping pattern 1 H0 (means no hopping) 2 H1(hopping pattern 1) 3 H2 (hopping pattern 2) 4 H3 (hopping pattern 3)

With continuing reference to FIG. 3, the network device can estimate thechannel response from the mobile device to the network device using thereference signals. The network device can determine which patternprovides the best capacity/mutual information from Table 1 by estimatingthe channel from the mobile device, at 304. For example, the capacitycan be estimated if the network device knows the signal to noise ratiosover the resource elements. Thus, at 306, the network device can comparethe achievable capacity of each frequency hopping pattern and choose thefrequency hopping pattern that maximizes the capacity. Upon or after thenetwork device chooses the best pattern, the chosen frequency hoppingpattern can be communicated to the mobile device, at 308. For example,the network node can indicate the pattern index via uplink grant channel(also referred to as downlink control information (DCI)). In anotherembodiment, the network device can communicate the information via RadioResource Control (RRC) signaling.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example, non-limiting method 500 for using aDoppler metric as a decision criterion in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein. In this alternative or additionalembodiment, if the network device detects that the mobile device ismoving with a high Doppler, the network device can choose the hoppingpattern that is more diverse as with high Doppler, the estimated channelmight not be constant at the time of estimation and at the time oftransmission. Thus, if the network detects the mobile device is movingwith a high Doppler, the network device can choose the hopping patternwith the maximum frequency difference between the highest and lowestfrequencies.

In further detail, at 502, the network device can compute the DopplerMetric (Dm) of the mobile device. At 504, the network device candetermine whether the mobile device is moving a high speed (e.g., HighDoppler) or at a low speed (e.g., low Doppler). For example, thedetermination at 504 can be whether the speed of the device (e.g., themeasured Doppler Metric (Dm)) is above (or at) a defined threshold or adefined Doppler value (Dm>D). If the determination is that the speed ofthe device is not at or more than the defined threshold (“NO”), at 506,the network device can choose the frequency hopping pattern thatmaximizes the diversity gain. If the determination is that the speed ofthe mobile device satisfies the defined threshold (e.g., is at or abovethe defined threshold), at 508, the network device can choose thefrequency hopping pattern that maximizes the capacity/mutualinformation.

According to some implementations, the network node can determine thespeed of the mobile device using a direct speed measurement. Forexample, the network device can compute the direct speed of the mobiledevice by positioning and/or GPS at multiple intervals. In theseimplementations, the Dm can be taken as an average of the individualspeed measurement.

In some implementations, the network node can determine the speed of themobile device using a rate of change of uplink channel estimates. Inthese implementations, the network device can estimate the uplinkchannel. The rate of change of the uplink channel can provide a measureof the Doppler metric.

In other implementations, the network node can determine the speed ofthe mobile device using a rate of change of downlink channel qualityinformation. For example, CQI is the channel quality informationreported by the UE at any given time interval. Let ΔCQI represent therate of change of CQI over K. Then, the Doppler metric can be computedas:

Dm=ΔCQI/ΔT

For the following example hopping patterns, it is noted that thebandwidth part (BWP) is the component carrier bandwidth or a portion ofthe component carrier known to the mobile device and the network. By wayof example and not limitation, the starting position of the first hop isRB_(start) then the RB during in each hop is given by:

${RB}_{start} = \{ {\begin{matrix}{RB}_{start} & {{First}\mspace{14mu} {hop}} \\{( {{RB}_{start} + {RB}_{offset}} )\mspace{11mu} {mod}\mspace{11mu} N_{BWP}^{size}} & {{Second}\mspace{14mu} {hop}}\end{matrix},} $

-   where RB_(start) is the starting resource within the UL BWP and    RB_(offset) is the frequency offset in RBs between the two frequency    hops. This offset is signaled to the mobile device using downlink    control channel as part of grant information.

To provide further context for the disclosed aspects, FIG. 6-8illustrate example hopping patterns. It is noted that the hoppingpattern examples of FIGS. 6-8 (as well as other examples providedherein) are for purposes of explaining the various aspects, which arenot limited to the example hopping patterns.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation 600 of atime-frequency pattern with no hopping in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein. The example hopping pattern of FIG. 6 cancorrespond to hopping pattern HO (no hopping) of Table 1 above. It isnoted that in this frequency hopping pattern, there is minimum frequencydifference between the highest and lowest frequencies.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation 700 of afirst hopping pattern in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. The example hopping pattern of FIG. 7 can correspondto hopping pattern H1 (hopping pattern 1) of Table 1 above. In thiscase, the RB_(offset) is maximum.

Further, FIG. 8 illustrates an example, non-limiting representation 800of a second hopping pattern in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. The example hopping pattern of FIG. 8 can correspondto hopping pattern H2 (hopping pattern 2) of Table 1 above. In thiscase, a different value of RB_(offset) is provided, as compared to thefrequency hopping pattern (H1) of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example, non-limiting communications system 900for facilitating improvements to the uplink performance of acommunications network in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. Repetitive description of like elements employed inother embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.

The communications system 900 can comprise one or more user equipment ormobile devices (illustrated as the mobile device 202) and one or moregNBs or network devices (illustrated as the network device 204). Thenetwork device 204 can be included in a group of network devices of awireless network. It is noted that although only a single mobile deviceand a single network device are illustrated, the communications system900 can comprise a multitude of mobile devices and/or a multitude ofnetwork devices.

The network device 204 can comprise an analyzer component 902, aselection component 904, a communication component 906, at least onememory 908, and at least one processor 910. Further, the mobile device202 can comprise a communication module 912, a verification module 914,an execution module 916, at least one memory 918, and at least oneprocessor 920.

The analyzer component 902 can compare respective metrics of a group offrequency hopping patterns based on a channel response received from themobile device 202 via uplink reference signals. For example, the mobiledevice 202 can transmit, via the communication module 912, soundingreference signals to the network device 204. The uplink referencesignals can occupy defined resource elements within an uplink timefrequency grid and the analyzer component 902 can estimate therespective metrics based on a signal to noise ratio over the definedresource element. According to an implementation, capacity can be chosenfor the metric. In another implementation, speed of the mobile devicecan be chosen for the metric.

The selection component 904 can select a frequency hopping pattern fromthe group of frequency hopping patterns based on a result of thecomparing by the analyzer component 902. For example, the group offrequency hopping patterns compared by the analyzer component 902 (andselected by the selection component 904) can be included in a listing offrequency hopping patterns known to both the mobile device 202 and thenetwork device 204. For example, prior to analyzing the frequencyhopping patterns, the network device 204 can configure the mobile device202 with the group of frequency hopping patterns via the communicationcomponent 906 and the communication module 912. According to someimplementations, the group of frequency hopping patterns can include asubset of hopping patterns that are available. However, the group offrequency hopping patterns can be those hopping patterns expected to beutilized by the network device 204 and the mobile device 202.

Upon or after the selection by the selection component 904, thecommunication component 906 can indicate, to the mobile device 202, anindex of the frequency hopping pattern with scheduling information toincrease a data capacity of a communications network. In an example, thecommunication component 906 can indicate the index of the frequencyhopping pattern selected via an uplink grant channel In another example,the communication component 906 can indicate the index of the frequencyhopping pattern selected via radio resource control signaling. Accordingto some implementations, the communication component 906 can indicatethe index of the frequency hopping pattern selected with the schedulinginformation via a downlink control channel configured to operateaccording to a fifth-generation wireless communication network protocol.

In some implementations, the frequency hopping pattern can change duringdata transmission. For example, the comparison, selection, andindication of the frequency hopping pattern can be performed for the oneor more transmission time intervals of the data transmission. Thus, thefrequency hopping pattern can change from one transmission time intervalto another transmission time interval.

The respective one or more memories 908, 918 can be operatively coupledto the respective one or more processors 910, 920. The respective one ormore memories 908, 918 can store protocols associated with dynamicallyselecting frequency hopping patterns from a group of frequency hoppingpatterns to improve the uplink performance of a communications networkas discussed herein. Further, the respective one or more memories 908,918 can facilitate action to control communication between the networkdevice 204 and the mobile device 202, such that the communicationssystem 900 can employ stored protocols and/or algorithms to achieveimproved communications in a wireless network as described herein.

It should be appreciated that data store (e.g., memories) componentsdescribed herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, orcan include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of example andnot limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory caninclude random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory.By way of example and not limitation, RAM is available in many formssuch as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM(SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM),Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Memory of thedisclosed aspects are intended to comprise, without being limited to,these and other suitable types of memory.

The respective processors 910, 920 can facilitate improvements to theuplink performance in a communication network. The processors 910, 920can be processors dedicated to analyzing and/or generating informationreceived, processors that control one or more components of thecommunications system 900, and/or processors that both analyze andgenerate information received and control one or more components of thecommunications system 900.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example, non-limiting, communications system 1000for utilizing a speed of a mobile device to select frequency hoppingpatterns in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodimentsdescribed herein is omitted for sake of brevity.

As illustrated, the network device 204 can comprise a speeddetermination component 1002 that can determine a Doppler metric of themobile device. For example, the Doppler metric can be determined by thespeed determination component 1002 based on a direct speed measurement,a rate of change of uplink channel estimates, and/or a rate of change ofdownlink channel quality information.

Based on a first determination that the Doppler metric does not satisfya defined threshold, the selection component 904 can choose a firstfrequency hopping pattern of the group of frequency hopping patternsthat increases a diversity gain of the communications network relativeto a current diversity gain.

Alternatively, based on a second determination that the Doppler metricsatisfies the defined threshold, the selection component 904 can choosea second frequency hopping pattern of the group of frequency hoppingpatterns that increases channel capacity information relative to currentchannel capacity information. In an implementation, the selectioncomponent 904 can select the second frequency hopping pattern based on adetermination that the second frequency hopping pattern comprises amaximum frequency difference between a highest frequency and a lowestfrequency in comparison to other frequency hopping patterns in the setof frequency hopping patterns.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example, non-limiting method 1100 for selectingfrequency hopping patterns in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. The method 1100 can be implemented by a network deviceof a wireless network, the network device comprising a processor.Alternatively, or additionally, a machine-readable storage medium cancomprise executable instructions that, when executed by a processor,facilitate performance of operations for the method 1100.

The method 1100 starts at 1102 with selecting, by a network device of awireless network, a frequency hopping pattern from a group of frequencyhopping patterns based on a comparison of respective metrics of thegroup of frequency hopping patterns as a function of a channel responsereceived from a mobile device via uplink reference signals.

At 1104, the network device can facilitate transmission of a firstindication of an index of the frequency hopping pattern selected fromthe group of frequency hopping patterns and a second indication ofscheduling information. The frequency hopping pattern and the schedulinginformation can be selected to increase a data carrying capacity of thewireless network.

According to an implementation, facilitating the transmission cancomprise facilitating the transmission via a downlink controlinformation channel According to another implementation, facilitatingthe transmission can comprise facilitating the transmission via radioresource control signaling.

Selecting the frequency hopping pattern can be performed duringdifferent transmission time intervals according to some implementations.Further to these implementations, facilitating the transmission cancomprise facilitating the transmission based on a change to thefrequency hopping pattern selected between the different transmissiontime intervals.

According to some implementations, prior to selecting the frequencyhopping pattern, the network device can configure the mobile device withinformation related to the group of frequency hopping patterns.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example, non-limiting, method 1200 for selectinghopping patterns based on a Doppler metric in accordance with one ormore embodiments described herein. The method 1200 can be implemented bya network device of a wireless network, the network device comprising aprocessor. Alternatively, or additionally, a machine-readable storagemedium can comprise executable instructions that, when executed by aprocessor, facilitate performance of operations for the method 1200.

At 1202, a Doppler metric of the mobile device can be determined.According to an example, the Doppler metric of the mobile device can bedetermined by a direct speed measurement. In another example, theDoppler metric of the mobile device can be determined by a rate ofchange of uplink channel estimates. In accordance with another example,the Doppler metric of the mobile device can be determined by a rate ofchange of downlink channel quality information.

Based on a first determination that the Doppler metric does not satisfya defined threshold, at 1204, a first frequency hopping pattern of thegroup of frequency hopping patterns that results in a reduction of powerutilized by the mobile device can be selected.

Alternatively, based on a second determination that the Doppler metricsatisfies the defined threshold, at 1206, a second frequency hoppingpattern of the group of frequency hopping patterns that results in ahighest channel capacity increase of channel capacity increases of thegroup of frequency hopping patterns can be selected.

Further, selecting the second frequency hopping pattern can compriseselecting the frequency hopping pattern based on a determination thatthe frequency hopping pattern comprises a maximum frequency differencebetween a highest frequency and a lowest frequency as compared to otherfrequency hopping patterns in the set of frequency hopping patterns.

Described herein are systems, methods, articles of manufacture, andother embodiments or implementations that can facilitate improvements tothe uplink performance for a 5G network. Facilitating improvements tothe uplink performance in a 5G network can be implemented in connectionwith any type of device with a connection to the communications network(e.g., a mobile handset, a computer, a handheld device, etc.) anyInternet of things (IoT) device (e.g., toaster, coffee maker, blinds,music players, speakers, etc.), and/or any connected vehicles (cars,airplanes, space rockets, and/or other at least partially automatedvehicles (e.g., drones)). In some embodiments, the non-limiting termUser Equipment (UE) is used. It can refer to any type of wireless devicethat communicates with a radio network node in a cellular or mobilecommunication system. Examples of UE are target device, device to device(D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M)communication, PDA, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, LaptopEmbedded Equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB donglesetc. Note that the terms element, elements and antenna ports can beinterchangeably used but carry the same meaning in this disclosure. Theembodiments are applicable to single carrier as well as to Multi-Carrier(MC) or Carrier Aggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term CarrierAggregation (CA) is also called (e.g., interchangeably called)“multi-carrier system,” “multi-cell operation,” “multi-carrieroperation,” “multi-carrier” transmission and/or reception.

In some embodiments, the non-limiting term radio network node or simplynetwork node is used. It can refer to any type of network node thatserves one or more UEs and/or that is coupled to other network nodes ornetwork elements or any radio node from where the one or more UEsreceive a signal. Examples of radio network nodes are Node B, BaseStation (BS), Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) node such as MSR BS, eNode B,network controller, Radio Network Controller (RNC), Base StationController (BSC), relay, donor node controlling relay, Base TransceiverStation (BTS), Access Point (AP), transmission points, transmissionnodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in Distributed Antenna System (DAS) etc.

Cloud Radio Access Networks (RAN) can enable the implementation ofconcepts such as Software-Defined Network (SDN) and Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV) in 5G networks. This disclosure can facilitate ageneric channel state information framework design for a 5G network.Certain embodiments of this disclosure can comprise an SDN controllerthat can control routing of traffic within the network and between thenetwork and traffic destinations. The SDN controller can be merged withthe 5G network architecture to enable service deliveries via openApplication Programming Interfaces (APIs) and move the network coretowards an all Internet Protocol (IP), cloud based, and software driventelecommunications network. The SDN controller can work with, or takethe place of Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) network elementsso that policies such as quality of service and traffic management androuting can be synchronized and managed end to end.

To meet the huge demand for data centric applications, 4G standards canbe applied to 5G, also called New Radio (NR) access. 5G networks cancomprise the following: data rates of several tens of megabits persecond supported for tens of thousands of users; 1 gigabit per secondcan be offered simultaneously (or concurrently) to tens of workers onthe same office floor; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous (orconcurrent) connections can be supported for massive sensor deployments;spectral efficiency can be enhanced compared to 4G; improved coverage;enhanced signaling efficiency; and reduced latency compared to LTE. Inmulticarrier system such as OFDM, each subcarrier can occupy bandwidth(e.g., subcarrier spacing). If the carriers use the same bandwidthspacing, then it can be considered a single numerology. However, if thecarriers occupy different bandwidth and/or spacing, then it can beconsidered a multiple numerology.

Referring now to FIG. 13, illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample mobile handset 1300 operable to engage in a system architecturethat facilitates wireless communications according to one or moreembodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset is illustratedherein, it will be understood that other devices can be a mobile device,and that the mobile handset is merely illustrated to provide context forthe embodiments of the various embodiments described herein. Thefollowing discussion is intended to provide a brief, general descriptionof an example of a suitable environment in which the various embodimentscan be implemented. While the description includes a general context ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storagemedium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation alsocan be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein canbe practiced with other system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, solid statedrive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, Compact Disk ReadOnly Memory (CD ROM), digital video disk (DVD), Blu-ray disk, or otheroptical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store the desired information and which can be accessed bythe computer. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory”herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are tobe understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se asmodifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memoryor computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitorysignals per se.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The handset includes a processor 1302 for controlling and processing allonboard operations and functions. A memory 1304 interfaces to theprocessor 1302 for storage of data and one or more applications 1306(e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.).Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voicecommands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 1306 can be stored in the memory 1304 and/or in a firmware1308, and executed by the processor 1302 from either or both the memory1304 or/and the firmware 1308. The firmware 1308 can also store startupcode for execution in initializing the handset 1300. A communicationscomponent 1410 interfaces to the processor 1302 to facilitatewired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellularnetworks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component1310 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 1311 (e.g., a GSMtransceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 1313 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax)for corresponding signal communications. The handset 1300 can be adevice such as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communicationscapabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communicationscomponent 1310 also facilitates communications reception fromterrestrial radio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radionetworks, and Internet-based radio services networks.

The handset 1300 includes a display 1312 for displaying text, images,video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setupfunctions, and for user input. For example, the display 1312 can also bereferred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation ofmultimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics,etc.). The display 1312 can also display videos and can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/0 interface1314 is provided in communication with the processor 1302 to facilitatewired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE1394) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices(e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating andtroubleshooting the handset 1300, for example. Audio capabilities areprovided with an audio I/O component 1316, which can include a speakerfor the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication thatthe user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the userfeedback signal. The audio I/O component 1316 also facilitates the inputof audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephonyvoice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handset 1300 can include a slot interface 1318 for accommodating aSIC (Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a cardSubscriber Identity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 1320, and interfacingthe SIM card 1320 with the processor 1302. However, it is to beappreciated that the SIM card 1320 can be manufactured into the handset1300, and updated by downloading data and software.

The handset 1300 can process IP data traffic through the communicationscomponent 1310 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 1300 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or a decoded format.

A video processing component 1322 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 1322can aid in facilitating the generation, editing, and sharing of videoquotes. The handset 1300 also includes a power source 1324 in the formof batteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 1324 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 1326.

The handset 1300 can also include a video component 1330 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 1330 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location trackingcomponent 1332 facilitates geographically locating the handset 1300. Asdescribed hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates thefeedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 1334facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The userinput component 1334 can also facilitate the generation, editing andsharing of video quotes. The user input component 1334 can include suchconventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard,mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 1306, a hysteresis component 1336facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 1338 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 1336 when the Wi-Fi transceiver1313 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 1340 enablesthe handset 1300 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriberwith the SIP registrar server. The applications 1306 can also include aclient 1342 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play andstore of multimedia content, for example, music.

The handset 1300, as indicated above related to the communicationscomponent 1310, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 1313 (e.g.,Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, suchas IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 1300. The handset 1300 canaccommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that cancombine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handhelddevice.

Referring now to FIG. 14, illustrated is an example block diagram of anexample computer 1400 operable to engage in a system architecture thatfacilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. The computer 1400 can provide networking andcommunication capabilities between a wired or wireless communicationnetwork and a server (e.g., Microsoft server) and/or communicationdevice. In order to provide additional context for various aspectsthereof, FIG. 14 and the following discussion are intended to provide abrief, general description of a suitable computing environment in whichthe various aspects of the innovation can be implemented to facilitatethe establishment of a transaction between an entity and a third party.While the description above is in the general context ofcomputer-executable instructions that can run on one or more computers,those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can beimplemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated aspects of the innovation can also be practiced indistributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed byremote processing devices that are linked through a communicationsnetwork. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can belocated in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media or communications media, whichtwo terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.

Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structureddata, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include,but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitorymedia which can be used to store desired information. Computer-readablestorage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computingdevices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrievalprotocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the informationstored by the medium.

Communications media can embody computer-readable instructions, datastructures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data ina data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave orother transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery ortransport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way ofexample, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference to FIG. 14, implementing various aspects described hereinwith regards to the end-user device can include a computer 1400, thecomputer 1400 including a processing unit 1404, a system memory 1406 anda system bus 1408. The system bus 1408 couples system componentsincluding, but not limited to, the system memory 1406 to the processingunit 1404. The processing unit 1404 can be any of various commerciallyavailable processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi processorarchitectures can also be employed as the processing unit 1404.

The system bus 1408 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1406includes read-only memory (ROM) 1427 and random access memory (RAM)1412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) is stored in a non-volatilememory 1427 such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basicroutines that help to transfer information between elements within thecomputer 1400, such as during start-up. The RAM 1412 can also include ahigh-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1400 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1414 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 1414 can also beconfigured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), amagnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1416, (e.g., to read from or write to aremovable diskette 1418) and an optical disk drive 1420, (e.g., readinga CD-ROM disk 1422 or, to read from or write to other high capacityoptical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 1414, magnetic diskdrive 1416 and optical disk drive 1420 can be connected to the systembus 1408 by a hard disk drive interface 1424, a magnetic disk driveinterface 1426 and an optical drive interface 1428, respectively. Theinterface 1424 for external drive implementations includes at least oneor both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interfacetechnologies. Other external drive connection technologies are withincontemplation of the subject innovation.

The drives and their associated computer-readable media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1400 the drives and mediaaccommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to aHDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media suchas a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat other types of media which are readable by a computer 1400, such aszip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and thelike, can also be used in the exemplary operating environment, andfurther, that any such media can contain computer-executableinstructions for performing the methods of the disclosed innovation.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1412,including an operating system 1430, one or more application programs1432, other program modules 1434 and program data 1436. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1412. It is to be appreciated that the innovation canbe implemented with various commercially available operating systems orcombinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1400 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 1440. Other input devices (not shown)can include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad,a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 1404 through an input deviceinterface 1442 that is coupled to the system bus 1408, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 1444 or other type of display device is also connected to thesystem bus 1408 through an interface, such as a video adapter 1446. Inaddition to the monitor 1444, a computer 1400 typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1400 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections by wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1448. The remotecomputer(s) 1448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentdevice, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer,although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 1450 isillustrated. The logical connections depicted include wired/wirelessconnectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1452 and/or larger networks,e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1454. Such LAN and WAN networkingenvironments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitateenterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which canconnect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1400 isconnected to the local network 1452 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1456. The adapter 1456 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1452, which canalso include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicatingwith the wireless adapter 1456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1400 can includea modem 1458, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN1454, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN1454, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1458, which can beinternal or external and a wired or wireless device, is connected to thesystem bus 1408 through the input device interface 1442. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer, orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1450. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexemplary and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers can be used.

The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless devices orentities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., aprinter, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable dataassistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or locationassociated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand,restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefinedstructure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from acouch at home, in a hotel room, or a conference room at work, withoutwires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cellphone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receivedata indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Finetworks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, etc.) toprovide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi networkcan be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and towired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networksoperate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 11 Mbps(802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

An aspect of 5G, which differentiates from previous 4G systems, is theuse of NR. NR architecture can be designed to support multipledeployment cases for independent configuration of resources used forRACH procedures. Since the NR can provide additional services than thoseprovided by LTE, efficiencies can be generated by leveraging the prosand cons of LTE and NR to facilitate the interplay between LTE and NR,as discussed herein.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “anembodiment,” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment,” “in one aspect,” or “in an embodiment,” in various placesthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

As used in this disclosure, in some embodiments, the terms “component,”“system,” “interface,” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution, and/or firmware. As anexample, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a processrunning on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a threadof execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or acomputer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an applicationrunning on a server and the server can be a component.

One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread ofexecution and a component can be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. In addition, these componentscan execute from various computer readable media having various datastructures stored thereon. The components can communicate via localand/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having oneor more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting withanother component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across anetwork such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). Asanother example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry, which is operated by a software application orfirmware application executed by one or more processors, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and can executeat least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confer(s) at least in part the functionalityof the electronic components. In an aspect, a component can emulate anelectronic component via a virtual machine, e.g., within a cloudcomputing system. While various components have been illustrated asseparate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components canbe implemented as a single component, or a single component can beimplemented as multiple components, without departing from exampleembodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or.” That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “mobile device equipment,” “mobile station,”“mobile,” subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,”“communication device,” “mobile device” (and/or terms representingsimilar terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by asubscriber or mobile device of a wireless communication service toreceive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming orsubstantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing termsare utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the relateddrawings. Likewise, the terms “access point (AP),” “Base Station (BS),”BS transceiver, BS device, cell site, cell site device, “Node B (NB),”“evolved Node B (eNode B),” “home Node B (HNB)” and the like, areutilized interchangeably in the application, and refer to a wirelessnetwork component or appliance that transmits and/or receives data,control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream orsignaling-stream from one or more subscriber stations. Data andsignaling streams can be packetized or frame-based flows.

Furthermore, the terms “device,” “communication device,” “mobiledevice,” “subscriber,” “customer entity,” “consumer,” “customer entity,”“entity” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout, unlesscontext warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based on complex mathematical formalisms), which canprovide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

Embodiments described herein can be exploited in substantially anywireless communication technology, comprising, but not limited to,wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), global system for mobile communications(GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), worldwideinteroperability for microwave access (WiMAX), enhanced general packetradio service (enhanced GPRS), third generation partnership project(3GPP) long term evolution (LTE), third generation partnership project 2(3GPP2) ultra mobile broadband (UMB), high speed packet access (HSPA),Z-Wave, Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and/or legacytelecommunication technologies.

Systems, methods and/or machine-readable storage media for facilitatinga two-stage downlink control channel for 5G systems are provided herein.Legacy wireless systems such as LTE, Long-Term Evolution Advanced(LTE-A), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) etc. use fixed modulationformat for downlink control channels. Fixed modulation format impliesthat the downlink control channel format is always encoded with a singletype of modulation (e.g., quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)) and hasa fixed code rate. Moreover, the forward error correction (FEC) encoderuses a single, fixed mother code rate of ⅓ with rate matching. Thisdesign does not take into the account channel statistics. For example,if the channel from the BS device to the mobile device is very good, thecontrol channel cannot use this information to adjust the modulation,code rate, thereby unnecessarily allocating power on the controlchannel. Similarly, if the channel from the BS to the mobile device ispoor, then there is a probability that the mobile device might not ableto decode the information received with only the fixed modulation andcode rate. As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refersgenerally to the process of reasoning about, or inferring states of, thesystem, environment, user, and/or intent from a set of observations ascaptured via events and/or data. Captured data and events can includeuser data, device data, environment data, data from sensors, sensordata, application data, implicit data, explicit data, etc. Inference canbe employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate aprobability distribution over states of interest based on aconsideration of data and events, for example.

Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composinghigher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inferenceresults in the construction of new events or actions from a set ofobserved events and/or stored event data, whether the events arecorrelated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and datacome from one or several event and data sources. Various classificationschemes and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neural networks,expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, and data fusionengines) can be employed in connection with performing automatic and/orinferred action in connection with the disclosed subject matter.

In addition, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readablecarrier, computer-readable media, machine-readable media,computer-readable (or machine-readable) storage/communication media. Forexample, computer-readable media can comprise, but are not limited to, amagnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magneticstrip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video disc(DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory device (e.g.,card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that emulates a storagedevice and/or any of the above computer-readable media. Of course, thoseskilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to thisconfiguration without departing from the scope or spirit of the variousembodiments

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subjectdisclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intendedto be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the preciseforms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are describedherein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possiblethat are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples,as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

In this regard, while the subject matter has been described herein inconnection with various embodiments and corresponding FIGs, whereapplicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can beused or modifications and additions can be made to the describedembodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitutefunction of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to anysingle embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed inbreadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a processor; and a memorythat stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: comparingrespective metrics of a group of frequency hopping patterns based on achannel response received from a mobile device via uplink referencesignals; selecting a frequency hopping pattern from the group offrequency hopping patterns based on a result of the comparing; andindicating, to the mobile device, an index of the frequency hoppingpattern with scheduling information of a communications network.
 2. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the indicating the index of the frequencyhopping pattern selected comprises transmitting the index to the mobiledevice via an uplink grant channel.
 3. The system of claim 1, whereinthe indicating the index of the frequency hopping pattern selectedcomprises sending the index to the mobile device using radio resourcecontrol signaling.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the indicating theindex comprises indicating the index during respective transmission timeintervals of a data transmission.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein theselecting the frequency hopping pattern comprises selecting a patternthat comprises no frequency hopping.
 6. The system of claim 1, whereinthe uplink reference signals occupy defined resource elements within anuplink time frequency grid, and wherein the comparing the respectivemetrics comprises estimating the respective metrics based on a signal tonoise ratio over the defined resource elements.
 7. The system of claim1, wherein the operations further comprise configuring the mobile devicewith the group of frequency hopping patterns using radio resourcecontrol signaling.
 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the comparing therespective metrics comprises determining a Doppler metric of the mobiledevice, and wherein the selecting the frequency hopping patterncomprises: based on a first determination that the Doppler metric doesnot satisfy a defined threshold, selecting a first frequency hoppingpattern of the group of frequency hopping patterns that increases adiversity gain of the communications network relative to a currentdiversity gain; and based on a second determination that the Dopplermetric satisfies the defined threshold, selecting a second frequencyhopping pattern of the group of frequency hopping patterns thatincreases channel capacity information relative to current channelcapacity information.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the selectingthe second frequency hopping pattern comprises selecting the secondfrequency hopping pattern based on a determination that the secondfrequency hopping pattern comprises a maximum frequency differencebetween a highest frequency and a lowest frequency in comparison toother frequency hopping patterns in the group of frequency hoppingpatterns.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the indicating the index ofthe frequency hopping pattern with the scheduling information comprisesindicating via a downlink control channel configured to operateaccording to a fifth-generation wireless communication network protocol.11. A method, comprising: selecting, by a network device of a wirelessnetwork, a frequency hopping pattern from a group of frequency hoppingpatterns based on a comparison of respective metrics of the group offrequency hopping patterns as a function of a channel response receivedfrom a mobile device via uplink reference signals; and facilitating, bythe network device, transmission of a first indication of an index ofthe frequency hopping pattern selected from the group of frequencyhopping patterns and a second indication of scheduling information,wherein the frequency hopping pattern and the scheduling information areselected to increase a data carrying capacity of the wireless network.12. The method of claim 11, wherein the facilitating the transmissioncomprises facilitating the transmission via a downlink controlinformation channel.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein thefacilitating the transmission comprises facilitating the transmissionvia radio resource control signaling.
 14. The method of claim 11,wherein the selecting the frequency hopping pattern is performed duringdifferent transmission time intervals, and wherein the facilitating thetransmission comprises facilitating the transmission based on a changeto the frequency hopping pattern selected between the differenttransmission time intervals.
 15. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising: prior to the selecting the frequency hopping pattern,configuring, by the network device, the mobile device with informationrelated to the group of frequency hopping patterns.
 16. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising: determining a Doppler metric of the mobiledevice, and wherein the selecting the frequency hopping patterncomprises: based on a first determination that the Doppler metric doesnot satisfy a defined threshold, selecting a first frequency hoppingpattern of the group of frequency hopping patterns that results in areduction of power utilized by the mobile device; and based on a seconddetermination that the Doppler metric satisfies the defined threshold,selecting a second frequency hopping pattern of the group of frequencyhopping patterns that results in a highest channel capacity increase ofchannel capacity increases of the group of frequency hopping patterns.17. The method of claim 16, wherein the selecting the second frequencyhopping pattern comprises selecting the frequency hopping pattern basedon a determination that the frequency hopping pattern comprises amaximum frequency difference between a highest frequency and a lowestfrequency as compared to other frequency hopping patterns in the groupof frequency hopping patterns.
 18. A method, comprising: receiving, at amobile device comprising a processor, and from a network device, arecommended frequency hopping pattern; determining, by the mobiledevice, a transmission scheme based on the recommended frequency hoppingpattern; and applying, by the mobile device, the recommendedtransmission scheme for an uplink data transmission.
 19. The method ofclaim 18, wherein the transmission scheme is determined based on ahopping index and scheduling information received at the mobile devicewith the recommended frequency hopping pattern.
 20. The method of claim18, wherein the recommended frequency hopping pattern is based, in part,on a Doppler metric of the mobile device, and wherein the method furthercomprises: receiving, at the mobile device, a first recommendation of afirst frequency hopping pattern from a group of frequency hoppingpatterns based on the Doppler metric not satisfying a defined threshold,wherein the first frequency hopping pattern maximizes a diversity gainof a communications network; and receiving, at the mobile device, asecond recommendation of a second frequency hopping pattern from thegroup of frequency hopping patterns based on the Doppler metricsatisfying the defined threshold, wherein the second frequency hoppingpattern maximizes capacity information and mutual information of achannel.